Реферат: Английский язык
Задание1
Выберите правильную форму глагола издвух предложенных.
1. I … that thesituation is out of control.
A. see
B. am seeing
2. If I … you$5, what will you buy?
A. will give
B. give
3.Her eyes are red. …?
A.Is she crying
B.Has she been crying
4.George was angry. He …for Nora for two hours.
A.had been waiting
B.was waiting
5.Students ….their books and did the exercise.
A.opened
B.had opened
6.The workers say that they …… a district by the beginning of this year.
A. will build up
B. will have built up
Ответ:
1- a
2- b
3- b
4- a
5- a
6 — b
Задание2
Подчеркнитесказуемое в предложении, определите его видовременную форму и переведитепредложения на русский язык.
1.Theserobots are used in space projects, nuclear reactor stations, and underwaterexploration research.
2.Earlier robots were usually blind and deaf.
3.In the meantime, the robotics revolution is already beginning to change thekind of work that people do.
Ответ:
1are used — present simple passive
2were blind and deaf — past indefinite
3is beginning to change — present continuous
Задание3
Укажите,какой частью речи является выделенная форма:
a)герундием(Gerund);
b)инфинитивом (Infinitive);
c) причастиемнастоящего времени (Participle I);
d) причастиемпрошедшего времени (Participle II).
Переведите предложения.
1.Awelding tool used by a human worker weighs about 100 pounds or more and is difficult to handle.
2.Robots shine at installing chips in printed circuit boards because of acapability that robots have that people don’t.
3. Newer types of robots are fittedwith video cameras and other sensing devices.
Ответ:
1- participle I
2- gerund
3 — participle II, participle I
1.Сварочный инструмент, используемый рабочим, весит приблизительно 100фунтов или больше, и тяжело регулируем.
2.Роботы, обладая способностью, которой не обладают люди, вносят сиянием при монтажеправления печатной схемы.
3.Более новые типы роботов оснащены видео камерами и другими устройствами манипуляции.
Задание4
Readthe text. Then read the titles. Which of the following titles is the best?
1. NewModels of Robot in Stock Now.
2. HumansAgainst Robots. Who is the Best?
3. ArtificialIntelligence — Reality or Fiction?
4. TheRobotics Revolution.
Ответ:
4- the Robotics revolutions
Задание5
Readthe text again. Choose the best sentence from the list below to complete eachgap. Many of the robots in use today do jobs that are especially difficult forhuman workers. These are the types of jobs that require great strength or posedanger. 1 ____. A welding tool used by a human worker weighs about 100 pounds or more and is difficult to handle. As mechanical supermen, robots may be called upon todo anything from moving heavy components between workstations on a factoryfloor to carrying bags of cement. Spray painting is another task suited torobots because robots do not need to breathe. 2 ____. Robots are better at thistask, not because they are faster or cheaper than humans, but because they workin a place where humans cannot.
Thirdin the list of useful jobs for robots is the assembly of electronic parts.Robots shine at installing chips in printed circuit boards because of acapability that robots have that people don’t. 3 ____. This automatic accuracyis particularly valuable in this kind of industry because locating and fixingmistakes is costly.
Earlierrobots were usually blind and deaf but newer types of robots are fitted withvideo cameras and other sensing devices that can detect heat, texture, size,and sound. 4 ____.
Intheir efforts to expand the range of robotic applications, researchers arelooking beyond traditional designs to examine a variety of potential modelsfrom the biological world. The industrial arm is a classic example. Scientistshave been able to model robots to imitate the vertebrate spine of a snake inorder to paint the interior of automobiles. 5 ____.
Thechallenge of equipping robots with the skills to operate independently, outsideof a factory or laboratory, has taxed the ingenuity and creativity of academic,military, and industrial scientists for years. Simply put, robot hands — likerobot legs, or eyes, or reasoning powers — have a long way to go before theycan approach what biological evolution has achieved over the course of hundredsof millions of years. Much more will have to happen in laboratories around theworld before robots can be compared to nature’s handwork.
Inthe meantime, the robotics revolution is already beginning to change the kindof work that people do. The boring and dangerous jobs are now performed byrobots. By the turn of the century, more and more humans will be required fortasks that machines cannot do.
a) Theserobots are used in space projects, nuclear reactor stations, and underwaterexploration research.
b) Unlikehuman painters, they are unaffected by the poisonous fumes.
c) Forexample, robots are particularly useful in the auto-manufacturing industrywhere parts of automobiles must be welded together.
d) Theyhave simulated the muscle structure and movement of an elephant’s trunk in anattempt to create a robotic arm capable of lifting heavy objects.
e) Arobot, once properly programmed, will not put a chip in the wrong place.
Ответ:
1 — c
2 — b
3 — e
4 — a
5 — d
Задание6
1. Whatkind of job do robots do today?
a) Theyusually do the types of jobs, which are interesting for human workers.
b) Theyusually do the types of jobs, which are very simple for human workers.
c) Theyusually do the types of jobs, which are very dangerous and require greatstrength.
2. Whydo robots do very well at installing chips in printed circuit boards?
a) Becauserobots work very quickly.
b) Becausethis kind of job is very dangerous for people.
c) Becauserobots have the ability to put a chip in the proper place if they are onceprogrammed properly.
3. Wheredo researchers try to find examples of potential models?
a) inthe technical world,
b) inthe chemical world,
c) inthe biological world.
4. Whatdo researchers try to teach robots to do?
a) Theytry to teach robots to operate independently, outside of a factory orlaboratory.
b) Theytry to teach robots to fly.
c) Theytry to teach robots to write fiction books.
5. Whatkind of jobs will more and more humans be required for by theend of thecentury?
a) forjobs which are too dangerous for robots.
b) forjobs which are too easy for robots.
c) forjobs which only humans can do.
Ответ:
1 — c
2 — c
3 — c
4 — a
5 — c
Задание7
Here are some dictionary definitions of words from thetext. Each word has more than one definition. Choose the definition that fitseach of the words in the text best.1.examine
a)if you examine something, you look at it or consider it carefully.
b)if a teacher examines you, he or she finds out how much you know by asking youquestions or by making you take an examination.
2.model
a)a model is a three- dimensional copy of an object, usually one that is smallerthan the object.
b)if a system is used as a model, people copy it in order to achieve similarresults.
3.handle
a)the part of an object that you hold in order to carry it or operate it.
b)if you handle something, you hold it and move it about in your hands.
4.assembly
a)a large number of people, gathered together, especially a group of people whomeet regularly to make laws.
b)the assembly of a machine or device is the process of fitting its partstogether.
Ответ:
1 — a
2 — b
3 — b
4 — b
Задание8
Find words and expressions which mean the same as thefollowing.1. manipulate
2. correcting
3. expensive
4. increase
5. copy
Ответ:
1manipulate — handle
2correcting — fixing mistakes
3expensive — costly
4increase — expand
5copy — to model
Задание9
Makeam outline of the text in 5-7 sentences.
Ответ:
Many of the robots in use today do jobsthat are especially difficult for human workers. But robots are better thanhumans not because they are faster or cheaper, but because they work in placewhere humans cannot. Also robots play a very important role in assembling ofelectronic parts. In their efforts to expend the range of robotic applications,researchers are looking beyond traditional designs to e[amine a variety ofpotential models from the biological world. The challenge of equipping robotswith the skills to operate independently has taxed the ingenuity and creativityof academic, military and industrial scientist for years. In the meantime, therobotics revolutions is already beginning to change the kind of work thatpeople do, but humans are still irreplaceable in many spheres of industry.