Реферат: Copley, John Singleton

Copley, John Singleton (b. July 3, 1738, Boston [Mass., U.S.]--d. Sept. 9, 1815, London,Eng.) Generally considered the finest painter of colonial America, JohnSingleton Copley painted portraits and historical subjects. His Bostonportraits show a thorough knowledge of his New England models, and his talentas a draftsman and colorist produced pictures of aristocratic elegance andgrace (emigrated to London in 1775).

Copley wasborn on July 3, 1738, in Boston, Mass., to immigrants recently arrived fromIreland. He began to paint in about 1753. His earliest works show the influenceof his stepfather, an engraver, and the Boston artist John Smibert. In about1755 Copley met the English artist Joseph Blackburn, whose use of rococolightness and coloring he quickly adopted. He also made use of the rococodevice called portrait d'apparat--portraying the subject with objectsassociated with his daily life--that gave his work a distinction not usuallyfound in 18th-century American painting.

Eager toexpand his reputation beyond New England, Copley sent his Boy with aSquirrel in 1766 to the Society of Artists in London. It was praised byboth Sir Joshua Reynolds and by the transported American artist Benjamin West,who urged him to come to London. He did so in 1774 and painted his firstimportant work, Watson and the Shark, there in 1778. In thispainting Copley used what became a frequent theme of 19th-century Romantic art,the struggle of humans against nature.

Althoughhe remained in England the rest of his life and was moderately successful, hishistorical paintings never had the vitality or realism of his Boston portraits.Copley died in London on Sept. 9, 1815.

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