Реферат: Rossetti, Dante Gabriel

The poet,painter, and designer Dante Gabriel Rossetti, b. GabrielCharles Dante Rossetti, May 12, 1828, d. Apr. 9, 1882, was a cofounder of thePRE-RAPHAELITES, a group of English painters and poets who hoped to bring totheir art the richness and purity of the medieval period.

The son ofthe exiled Italian patriot and scholar Gabriele Rossetti and a brother of thepoet Christina Rossetti, Dante showed literary talent early, winning acclaimfor his poem The Blessed Damozel (1847) before he was 20 yearsold. As a student at the Royal Academy Antique School (1845-47), he met WilliamHolman Hunt and John Millais, with whom he launched the Pre-RaphaeliteBrotherhood in 1848.

Rossetti'sfirst Pre-Raphaelite paintings in oils, based on religious themes and withelements of mystical symbolism, were The Girlhood of Mary Virgin(1849) and Ecce Ancilla Domini (1850), both in the Tate Gallery,London. Although he won support from John Ruskin, criticism of his paintingscaused him to withdraw from public exhibitions and turn to watercolors, whichcould be sold privately. Subjects taken from Dante Alighieri's Vita Nuova(which Rossetti had translated into English) and Sir Thomas Malory's MorteDarthur inspired his art in the 1850s. His visions of Arthurian romance andmedieval design also inspired his new friends of this time, William Morris andEdward Burne-Jones.

Romanticlove was Rossetti's main theme in both poetry and painting. Elizabeth Siddal,whom he married in 1860, was the subject of many fine drawings, and his memoryof her after she died (1862) is implicit in the Beata Beatrix(1863; Tate Gallery, London). Toward the end of his life, Rossetti sank into amorbid state, possibly induced by his disinterment (1869) of the manuscriptpoems he had buried with his wife and by savage critical attacks on his poetry.He spent his last years as an invalid recluse.

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