Реферат: Travelling

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Secondary</st1:PlaceName><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Comprehensive</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>School</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>№ 662

Report

“Travelling”

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Made by Adamyan Ashot

A student of the 9th form

Consulted by

AgarkovaNatalia Nikolayevna<span Times New Roman",«serif»;mso-ansi-language: RU">

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<st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Moscow</st1:place></st1:City>

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<span Arial",«sans-serif»">Introduction

<span Arial",«sans-serif»">Traveling is one of the waysof discovering new countries.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»">Millionsof people all over the world spend their holidays traveling. They travel to seeother continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel toenjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene. Its always interestingto discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, totry different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.
Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their timevisiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining atexotic restaurants. City-dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or inthe mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.
Most travelers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures ofeverything that interests them — the sights of a city, old churches andcastles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls, forests;different kinds of trees, flowers and plants, animals and birds.
Later, perhaps years later, they will be reminded by the photos of the happytime they have had.
People travel by train, by plane, by boat, by car, by bike and on foot. Peopletravel to have a holidays or to have business. If people have business tripsthey choose the fastest transport. They often travel by plane or by train. Itis very expensive but it is very fast. And if people want to have a rest theychoose traveling by boat, by car, on horseback and etc. When you travel by caror by bike you can stop where you want.
All means of travel have their advantages and disadvantages. And people chooseone according to their plans and destinations.
If we are fond of traveling, we see and learn a lot of things that we can neversee or learn at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers,and see pictures of them on TV. The best way to study geography is to travel,and the best way to get to know and understand people is to meet them in theirown homes. The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way toget to know and understand people is to meet them in their own homes.

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<span Arial",«sans-serif»">What attracts tourists to <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Russia</st1:place></st1:country-region>?

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:country-region w:st=«on»><span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Russia

</st1:country-region></st1:place><span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> has always been a country of mystery attractive for foreigners. Thereare lots of villages and towns in <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Russia</st1:place></st1:country-region> famous for their specificcrafts: painted boxes in Palekh, wooden tableware in Khokhloma and toys in Dymkovo.Thousands of foreigners visit <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Russia</st1:place></st1:country-region>to enjoy the typical Russian log houses, decorated with wood carvings.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Tourists like tovisit old Russian towns and cities famous for their ancient architecture. They areespecially attracted by Russian orthodox cathedrals, churches and monasteries.One of the most interesting old cities in <st1:country-region w:st=«on»>Russia</st1:country-region>is <st1:City w:st=«on»>Novgorod</st1:City>, or <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Novgorod</st1:place></st1:City> the Great, as it was called in theold times. It is a treasury of architecture, painting and applied art createdover the 11th to 17th centuries. The first records of the city on the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Volkhov</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>River</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> date back to theyear of 859. Now <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Novgorod</st1:place></st1:City>has expanded far beyond its former limits. It is an important industrial andcultural centre, located on the busy highway linking <st1:City w:st=«on»>Moscow</st1:City>and <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>St. Petersburg</st1:place></st1:City>.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">The focal point ofthe city is the Detinets, or the Kremlin. Thepresent-day Kremlin stems largely from the 15th century. Several alterationsmade in the 16th and 17th centuries were minor and did not affect its appearance.<st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Novgorod</st1:place></st1:City>’scontribution to the development of Russian culture is outstanding. No othercity excels <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Novgorod</st1:place></st1:City>in the number of ancient monuments of architecture. The Novgorod Museum ofHistory, Architecture and Art shows visitors the history of the medieval <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Novgorod</st1:City></st1:place>. Its artisticvalue lies primarily in its collection of medieval icon painting.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">There is a lot to seein Russia, but first of all foreign tourists visit the capital of our country,Moscow, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. They dream ofvisiting Red Square, which is called the heart of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Moscow</st1:place></st1:City>. Perhaps, the most ancient <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>monument</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Red Square</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> is St. Basil’s Cathedral.With its nine beautifully painted cupolas, it is a real masterpiece of ancientRussian architecture.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">If you come to <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Moscow</st1:place></st1:City>for the first time, you should by all means visit the Kremlin, which is veryimpressive. <img src="/cache/referats/21908/image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"> On the territory of the Kremlin you can seeold cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>State</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Kremlin</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Palace</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>, the Tsar Cannonand the Tsar Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. The tallestKremlin tower, the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Spasskaya</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>,has become the symbol of the country.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">If you leave theKremlin by the Trinity Gate you will come to the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Alexandrovsky</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Gardens</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>. The first thing to do in theGardens is to stand by the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, still and silent. Notfar from the <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Alexandrovsky</st1:PlaceName><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Gardens</st1:PlaceType>, behind the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Bolshoi</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Kamenny</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Bridge</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>, you will see Christ the Saviour Cathedral, with its huge beautiful gilded dome.Foreigners are usually surprised by the number of churches and cathedrals inand around the city. There are also a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansionsand monuments in <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Moscow</st1:place></st1:City>.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">There are more than80 museums in our capital. The largest museums are the PushkinMuseum of Fine Arts, whose collections include works of art of the ancientOrient and ancient <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region>,and the State Tretyakov Gallery, which houses a richcollection of Russian painting and Russian icons. Other unique museums in <st1:City w:st=«on»>Moscow</st1:City> are the <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>State</st1:PlaceType><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>History</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Museum</st1:PlaceType>,the All-Russia Museum of Decorative, Applied and Folk Art, the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Polytechnical</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Museum</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> and many others. <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Moscow</st1:place></st1:City> is famous for itstheatres, too. The best-known of them is the BolshoiOpera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very popular.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Another interestingplace to visit in <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Moscow</st1:place></st1:City>is the All-Russia Exhibition Centre which occupies an area of <st1:metricconverter ProductID=«530 acres» w:st=«on»>530 acres</st1:metricconverter>. The ExhibitionCentre is situated in a beautiful park. The most admired feature of theExhibition Centre is its fountains. The “Friendship of the Nations” and the“Stone Flower” fountains are the most beautiful. The Exhibition Centre is alarge cultural and commercial complex where different international exhibitionsand fairs are held.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">One of the mostfamous sights of the city is the Moscow Metro and a journey by Metro will beunforgettable. In the Metro you do not feel as if you’re underground. This isdue to the unique architecture and the artistic design of the stations, whichare more like palaces. No two stations are alike; most of them have their own appearance.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Of course, everyforeigner should visit <st1:City w:st=«on»>St. Petersburg</st1:City>, thesecond largest city in <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Russia</st1:place></st1:country-region>and one of the most splendid cities in the world. It was founded in 1703 byPeter the Great at the mouth of the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Neva</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>River</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>. Now it is animportant industrial, cultural and educational centre.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> <img src="/cache/referats/21908/image004.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026">

<st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»><span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">St. Petersburg

</st1:place></st1:City><span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> is indeed a wonderful city: at every turn there is something to catchyour eye. The <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Winter</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Palace</st1:PlaceType>, St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the Peter-and-PaulFortress, and the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Admiralty</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Building</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> attractthousands of tourists from every corner of the world. <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Petersburg</st1:place></st1:City>’s many museums house some of theworld’s most famous art collections. The Hermitage and the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Russian</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Museum</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>,for example, contain the richest collections of pictures in the world.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> <img src="/cache/referats/21908/image006.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027">

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">The city is called the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Northern Venice</st1:place>, because there are 65 rivers, branches and canals therewith artistically decorated bridges. It’s also famous for its beautiful whitenights.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">There are a lot of Hero-cities in our country. And Iwould recommend that my foreign friends visit one of them. <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Volgograd</st1:place></st1:City> is a legendary city, because herein 1943 the Soviet Army won the great and glorious victory over the fascists.The city was completely ruined during the war, but now it is a beautiful cityagain. It stands on the banks of the great Russian river <st1:place w:st=«on»>Volga</st1:place>.The symbol of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Volgograd</st1:place></st1:City>is the Mamaev Hill. It was the centre of fightingduring the heroic defence of <st1:place w:st=«on»>Stalingrad</st1:place>.Now there is a great memorial there. Besides, you can visit the <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Stalingrad</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Battle</st1:PlaceName><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Panorama</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Museum</st1:PlaceType>,which is situated on the bank of the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Volga</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>River</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>. The centre of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Volgograd</st1:place></st1:City> is the Squareof the Fallen Heroes. In the middle of it there is a granite obelisk and thecommon graves of the heroes of the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War. Atthe foot of the memorial you can see the Eternal Flame. Now <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Volgograd</st1:place></st1:City> is a big industrial and culturalcentre.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">There are a lot of other interesting towns and citiesin <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Russia</st1:place></st1:country-region>,which are all worth visiting.

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<span Arial",«sans-serif»">I have never travelling to other countries but would like to visit <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>.

<st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»><span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">London

</st1:City></st1:place><span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> is one of the largest cities in the world. More then 10mln people livein <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>London</st1:City></st1:place> andits suburbs. <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>is a city of striking contrasts. Here one can come across the past and thepresent, the old and the modern, live side by side in mutual tolerance andrespect.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">In <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>,one can see architecture of different centuries and styles. It is inseparablyconnected with the history of the city. The Romans, the Saxons and the Danessettled here in turn, after them came the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>Normans</st1:City></st1:place>,and brought the French civilisation. <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City> survived the Plague and the GreatFire, which followed in 1666. During the Fire all wooden houses were smashed tothe ground and a <st1:City w:st=«on»>New London</st1:City>, <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City> of stone with bigger houses and widerstreets was built. During the World War II, many buildings of great historicvalue lay in ruins and today the face of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>is changed.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Traditionally <st1:City w:st=«on»>London</st1:City> isdivided into several parts: the City, <st1:City w:st=«on»>Westminster</st1:City>,the West End and the <st1:place w:st=«on»>East End</st1:place>.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">The city first started in the place, which is known asthe City. It is the Heart of London, it’s commercial and business centre. Itoccupies a territory of a square mile. During a day, it is full of people,nearly half a million people work there.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">The <st1:place w:st=«on»>West End</st1:place> is therichest part of the city with its beautiful avenues, parks and gardens, grandhotels, theatres and fashionable shops. It is a symbolof wealth and luxury.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">While the City is the money of <st1:City w:st=«on»>London</st1:City>and the West End is the good of <st1:City w:st=«on»>London</st1:City>, the EastEnd is the hands of <st1:City w:st=«on»>London</st1:City>, that built the banksof the City and beautiful mansions and hotels of the <st1:place w:st=«on»>West End</st1:place>. It is a district, inhabited by the workers. There are manyfactories and the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Port</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> there.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">As for me, I cannot imagine <st1:City w:st=«on»>London</st1:City>without <st1:place w:st=«on»>Thames</st1:place>. In fact, painters and writersregard the river as the source of inspiration. Turner, Monet, Canatello painted it countless times and their impressionof the river in all seasons can be seen on the walls of museums, throughout theworld. Pope, Spensor and many other poets sang it intheir poems. The most famous books about the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Thames</st1:place>are ‘Three men in a boat’ by Jerome-k-Jerome and ‘The wind in the willows’ byK. Graham. If there had been no Thames, there would be no <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>. It was born many centuries ago in theplace, which is known as the City. The City is not only the centre of business.It’s the burth place of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>London</st1:place></st1:City>. <st1:City w:st=«on»>London</st1:City>was born in the place not far from <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>St. Paul</st1:place></st1:City>’s cathedral hundreds of years before our era. Itwas called Lynn-din (the lonely port) at that time. After the Norman Conquest,it became Londinium.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">If you want to get some glimpses of <st1:City w:st=«on»>London</st1:City>,you’d better start sightseeing with the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>,that comes first among the historic buildings of the city. It was built as thefortress after the Norman invasion of <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region> in 1066. It has been usedas the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Royal</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Palace</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>, as an observatory, an arsenaland a prison. For many visitors the principal attraction is the Crown Jewels,the finest precious stones of the nation.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">A twenty minutes’ walk from the Tower will take you toanother historic building – <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>St. Paul</st1:place></st1:City>’sCathedral, the greatest of English churches. It was built by a famous Englisharchitect Sir Christopher Wren. <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:City w:st=«on»>St. Paul</st1:City></st1:place>’s Cathedral, with it’s famous Whispering Gallery,is considered to be a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture. In one of itstowers hangs one of the largest bells in the world – Great Paul.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Not far from Cathedral is Westminster Abbey. It wasfounded by Edward the Confessor in 1050. The best part of the Abbey is awonderful chapel, dating back to the 16th century. It is famous for itsmagnificent architecture. There are many monuments and statues there. ManyEnglish kings and queens are buried there. Since William the 1st, almost evermonarch has been crowned in this great church. One of the greatest treasures ofthe Abbey is oaken Coronation Chair made in 1300. On the south side ofWestminster Abbey is Poet’s Corner, where the greatest English writers areburied. Here also are memorials to Shakespeare, Burns, Byron, Scott and so on.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Across the road from Westminster Abbey is <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Westminster</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Palace</st1:PlaceType>,which is spread magnificently on the north bank of the <st1:place w:st=«on»>Thames</st1:place>.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»">It<span Arial",«sans-serif»"> isa remarkable example of Gothicarchitecture.

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<span Arial",«sans-serif»">The

<span Arial",«sans-serif»"> Tower ofLondon <span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">

<span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><img src="/cache/referats/21908/image007.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028">

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">The <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> has a veryinteresting story behind it. It was begun by a man who was not even English,William of Normandy. At the time he was the cousin of <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s KindEdward. It all started because William became outraged when Edward backed downon his promise to give the throne to William and ended up giving the throne tohis English brother-in-law, Harold. William sailed his army across the EnglishChannel to conquer <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>.On October 14, 1066, he met Harold at <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Hastings</st1:place></st1:City>and conquered him. On Christmas Day later that year, William — now calledWilliam the conqueror — was crowned King of England. Immediately after Williamtook over as king, he built forts everywhere. One stood in the southeasterncorner of <st1:City w:st=«on»>London</st1:City>, near an old Roman wall on thenorth bank of the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Thames</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>River</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>. William orderedthat this fort be removed in 1078 to be replaced by a huge stone stronghold.This would be the «symbol of his power, a fortress for his defense, and aprison for his enemies». (Fisher, 1987) He named it the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">The Tower was finished twenty years later, risingnearly one hundred feet high, with its walls fifteen feet thick in certainplaces. Inside was a chapel, apartments, guardrooms, and crypts. The Tower wasprotected by a wide ditch, a new stone wall, the old Roman wall, and the river.This was done to secure the fact that this tower was a prison that no prisonerwould escape from.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">The Bishop of Durham was probably the Tower's firstdistinguished prisoner. He was very fat, greedy, and unpopular. He was draggedto the prison by his brother with his servants and bags of money. But theBishop lived very well inside the Tower because he could bribe the guards withgold. One night in February,1101, he gave a huge banquet with a lot of food andliquor. When he had gotten the guards very drunk, he pushed his bags through awindow and slid down a rope to freedom.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Around the year 1240, King Henry III made this towerhis home. He whitewashed the tower, widened the grounds to include a church, agreat hall, and other buildings. He renamed the entire new area the <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName>,and renamed the Tower the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>White</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>. Although the towerwas still a prison, Henry had turned the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>White</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>into a breathtaking palace. He entertained many important visitors, many ofwhich came with animals as gifts. Near the drawbridge of the tower, Henry builtthe <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Lion</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>, a zoo where visitors would begreeted with roaring beasts. Here is a map of the tower.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">In 1377, when Richard II was king, the Tower continuedto be a stronghold. But four years later, on June <st1:metricconverter ProductID=«14, a» w:st=«on»>14, a</st1:metricconverter> group of overtaxedfarmers stormed the Tower. Richard and his brothers safely hid themselvesinside. But the farmers found the Archbishop of <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Canterbury</st1:place></st1:City>, the Royal Treasurer, a taxofficial, and a doctor. These men were taken to Tower Hill where their headswhere chopped off. Richard later made peace with these farmers. The leader ofthe farmers, Wat Tyler, was beheaded. Richard waseventually thrown into a Tower dungeon, where he was forced to give up thethrone to Henry IV.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Several monarchs died in the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>.One was thirteen-year-old King Edward V. When his father, King Edward IV died,his uncle Richard, the Duke of Gloucester, plotted to take the throne forhimself. Richard had the thirteen-year-old king and his younger brother, theDuke of York, taken to the tower. Lord Hastings, a royal officer, tried toprotect Edward, but was unsuccessful. <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Hastings</st1:place></st1:City>'head was chopped off on the Tower Green, and Edward and his brother weremurdered. These murders most likely took place in the <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Garden</st1:PlaceType><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType>, which was later renamed the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>Bloody</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Since the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> was sodangerous, King Henry VII formed a personal bodyguard. Henry moved into theTower in 1485 after killing Richard III in a battle. His protectors were calledthe Yeoman Warders, who to this day still guard the tower. King Henry was avery frugal man. He seldom gave parties and tried very hard to avoid war, whichboth cost a lot of money.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">After the death of Henry VII, the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>was never again used to house an English queen or king. The dungeon was stillused to hold <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>'senemies, and the Tower was still used for many celebrations. The marriage ofKing Henry VIII to his second wife, Anne Boleyn, took place at the Tower on May19, <st1:metricconverter ProductID=«1533. A» w:st=«on»>1533. A</st1:metricconverter>huge party was thrown for the next 11 days at the Tower, topped off with anenormous feast.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">But the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> was not alwaysa place of celebration. On May 19, 1536, Anne Boleyn was executed under Henry'sorders at the Tower Green. Anne had been accused of misconduct, but the plaintruth was that she had born a daughter rather than a son, who would become afuture king of <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>.This daughter was Elizabeth I, who would later become the Queen of England. <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Elizabeth</st1:place></st1:City> was heldprisoner in the Tower for two months by the order of her half sister, QueenMary. Mary felt that her throne was being threatened by <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Elizabeth</st1:place></st1:City>, so she imprisoned her in theTower. If you look really carefully, you can see Anne Boleyn's Ghost about thetower. She will tell you about the royalty.

<st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»><span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Elizabeth

</st1:place></st1:City><span Arial",«sans-serif»;mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> was innocent, and people knew it, leading to a public outcry. <st1:City w:st=«on»>Elizabeth</st1:City> was released on May 19, 1554 (ironically, May 19was the day on which Anne Boleyn was married and killed, and the same day that <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Elizabeth</st1:place></st1:City> was releasedfrom jail.) In 1558, <st1:City w:st=«on»>Elizabeth</st1:City> became the queenof <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>.She spent three days on her coronation in the Tower, to symbolize that it washer duty to «take possession» of it as the royal monarch of <st1:country-region w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>.(Fisher, 1987) On January 15, 1559, she left in a festive parade to be crownedat Westminster Abby. <st1:City w:st=«on»><st1:place w:st=«on»>Elizabeth</st1:place></st1:City>would never return to the Tower.

<span Arial",«sans-serif»; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">In 1603, part of the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>became a museum. King James I had ordered that the royal jewels be kept in theTower Jewel House and be put on display for the Tower visitors. Though itsroots trace back to a non-Englishman, the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>has had a very interesting place in English history. It has been the sight ofmurders, marriages, uproars, museums, and zoos. But the <st1:place w:st=«on»><st1:PlaceType w:st=«on»>Tower</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=«on»>London</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>will always be remembered as a «symbol of royal power, a fortress for themonarch, and a prison for the monarch's enemies».

<span Arial",«sans-serif»">Conclusion

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<span Tahoma",«sans-serif»; color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Many people like traveling and I am noexception to the rule. Some people like to travel in winter, but most of themprefer to go travelling in summer, when it is warmand the sun is shining brightly. There are people who like to travel by trainor by air. In this way they cover large distances and see the far-off places.If a person likes the sea he decides upon a sea-voyage. Nowadays young peopletravel on foot and like to go to the woods or to the mountains. On a trip byair you dont see much, but you save a lot of time. Ifyou go by train, you get acquainted with new regions. A sea-voyage is verypleasant if the sea is calm. The passengers enjoy watching the sea, which isalways ever so beautiful. Many people travel all around our country by car. Ibelieve that travelling is one of the best pleasuresin the world.

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<span Times New Roman",«serif»">Literature

<span Times New Roman",«serif»">

<span Arial",«sans-serif»">1.Encyclopedia Britanica 2006

<span Arial",«sans-serif»">2.The official site

<span Arial",«sans-serif»">TheTower of London

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