Реферат: Швейцария
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<span Courier New"">Ðîíûè Ðåéíà äåëÿòØâåéöàðñêèåÀëüïû íà äâåïî÷òèïàðàëëåëüíûåãðóïïûãîðíûõ
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<span Courier New"">õðåáòîâ,òÿíóùèõñÿ ñþãî-çàïàäàíà ñåâåðî-âîñòîê.Ñàìàÿ âûñîêàÿ÷àñòü Àëüï
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ñëîæåíàêðèñòàëëè÷åñêèìèïîðîäàìè èèçâåñòíÿêàìè.Âûñîêîãîðíûåîáëàñòè
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ïîêðûòûâå÷íûìèñíåãàìè èëåäíèêàìè.Êðóïíåéøèéèç ýòèõëåäíèêîâ èîäèí èç
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ñàìûõáîëüøèõ âÅâðîïå — Àëå÷ñêèé. Îíòÿíåòñÿ íà 27êì, çàíèìàÿïëîùàäü 115 êâ.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">êì.Íà ãðàíèöå ñÔðàíöèåéëåæèò ãîðíàÿÖåïü Þðà.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New""> ÌåæäóÁåðíñêèìèÀëüïàìè èÞðîé îòïðîòåêàþùåãîïî ãðàíèöå ñ
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ÃåðìàíèåéÐåéíà äîÆåíåâñêîãîîçåðà òÿíåòñÿâîëíèñòîåíåâûñîêîåØâåéöàðñêîå
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ïëîñêîãîðüå(âûñîòà 400-600 ì),ÿâëÿþùååñÿñàìîé íàñåëåííîé÷àñòüþñòðàíû.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New""> ÄëÿØâåéöàðèèõàðàêòåðíûî÷åíüñèëüíûå ðàçëè÷èÿâêëèìàòè÷åñêèõ
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">óñëîâèÿõ.Ýòîîáóñëàâëèâàåòñÿñëîæíûì õàðàêòåðîìðåëüåôà. ÂÀëüïàõ, ãäå
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ðàñïîëîæåíîáîëüøîåêîëè÷åñòâîëûæíûõ êóðîðòîâèñàíàòîðèåâ,ñðåäíèé õîä
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">çèìíèõòåìïåðàòóðêîëåáëåòñÿ âïðåäåëàõ -10, -12ãðàäóñîâ, íîïî÷òèâñåãäàñòîèò
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ñîëíå÷íàÿïîãîäà. ÍàâåðøèíàõÀëüï ñíåã íåòàåò âòå÷åíèåâñåãî ãîäà.Çèìîé è
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">âåñíîéèç-çàñêîïëåíèÿñíåãà íàñêëîíàõ íåðåäêèñíåæíûåîáâàëû.Ëåòîì âãîðàõ
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">÷àñòûäîæäè, òóìàíû.ÍàØâåéöàðñêîìïëîñêîãîðèèçèìà ìÿãêàÿ,ñðåäíÿÿ
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">òåìïåðàòóðàÿíâàðÿ îêîëî -2ãðàäóñîâ.Ñíåã, êàêïðàâèëî,äåðæèòñÿëèøüíåñêîëüêî
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">äíåé.Ëåòî òåïëîå(ñðåäíÿÿòåìïåðàòóðàèþëÿ +18ãðàäóñîâ),îñåíüïðîäîëæèòåëüíàÿ
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">èñîëíå÷íàÿ.Òàêîéêëèìàò áëàãîïðèÿòñòâóåòÑ/Õ ðàáîòàì.Íà Øâåéöàðñêîì
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ïëîñêîãîðüåóñïåâàåòâûçðåòü äàæåâèíîãðàä.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New""> Ãëàâíóþïðåëåñòüëàíäøàôòàïðåäñòàâëÿþòîçåðà. Ñàìûåêðóïíûå èçíèõ —
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">Æåíåâñêîåè Áîäåñêîå.Äàëåå èäóòÍåâøàòåëüñêîå,Ëàãî-Ìàäæîðå,
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<span Courier New"">Ôèðâàëüäøòåòñêîå(îçåðî÷åòûðåõêàíàëîâ),Öþðèõñêîå èîçåðî Ëóãàíî.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">Ïðîèñõîæäåíèåèõ âîñíîâíîìòåêòîíè÷åñêî-ëåäíèêîâîå.Áåðåãàîêàéìëåíû
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ëåñèñòûìèõîëìàìè èëèñêàëèñòûìèãîðàìè,ñêëîíûêîòîðûõîáðûâàþòñÿïðÿìî â
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">âîäó.Êðóïíûåîçåðà — íåòîëüêîìåñòà ïàëîìíè÷åñòâàòóðèñòîâ,îíè èãðàþòâàæíóþ
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ðîëüâñóäîõîäñòâåèìåëèîðàöèè.Ðåêè òàêîéíåáîëüøîéñòðàíû, êàêØâåéöàðèÿ,
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ïðèíàäëåæàòáàññåéíàìòðåõ ìîðåé:Ñåâåðíîãî,Ñðåäèçåìíîãîè ×åðíîãî. ÂÀëüïàõ
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">íà÷èíàþòñÿòàêèåêðóïíûå ðåêè,êàê Ðåéí èÐîíà. Ñ íèõ æåáåðóòíà÷àëîïðèòîê
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">Äóíàÿð. Èíí, à òàêæåïðèòîê Ïî — ð.Òè÷èíî.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New""> Ëåñàçàíèìàþòîêîëî 24%òåððèòîðèè.Òàêæå êðóïíóþ÷àñòüñòðàíû
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">çàíèìàþòñóáàëüïèéñêèåèàëüïèéñêèå ëóãà.Øâåéöàðñêèéíàöèîíàëüíûéïàðê
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ìíîãî÷èñåëåí.Çäåñü ìíîãîðåçåðâàòîâ èçàêàçíèêîâ.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New""> ÍàñåëåíèåØâåéöàðèè:Èç-çà èñòîðè÷åñêèõïðåäïîñûëîêâ Øâåéöàðèèíå
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ñëîæèëàñüåäèíàÿýòíè÷åñêàÿîáùíîñòü. ßçûêîâî-ýòíè÷åñêèåðàçëè÷èÿî÷åíü ÷åòêèå:
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">êàæäûéèç ÷åòûðåõøâåéöàðñêèõíàðîäîâ — ãåðìàíîøâåéöàðöû,ôðàíêîøâåéöàðöû,
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">èòàëîøâåéöàðöûèðåòîðîìàíöû — ïðåäñòàâëÿþòñîáîéîòäåëüíóþýòíè÷åñêóþ
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">îáùíîñòü,îòëè÷àþùóþñÿíàöèîíàëüíîéíåçàâèñèìîñòüþ,ÿçûêîì èêóëüòóðíûìè
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">òðàäèöèÿìè.Ýòîïîäòâåðæäàåòòîò ôàêò, ÷òîîôèöèàëüíûåÿçûêèØâåéöàðèè —
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">íåìåöêèéôðàíöóçñêèéè èòàëüÿíñêèé.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New""> Áîëüøèíñòâîøâåéöàðöåâïðèíàäëåæèòê äâóìâåðîèñïîâåäàíèÿì —
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ïðîòåñòàíñòâó(2,9 ìëí. ÷åëîâåê)è êàòîëèöèçìó(2,2 ìëí.÷åëîâåê).Ñðåäè
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ïðîòåñòàíòîâïðåîáëàäàþòêàëüâåíèñòû.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New""> Êïðîòåñòàíñêîéöåðêâèïðèíàäëåæàòêàíòîíû Âî,Øàôõàóçåí,Ãîðîäñêîé
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">Áàçåëü,Öþðèõ, Áåðí,Ãëàðóñ,Íåâøàòåëü,Æåíåâà.Êàòîëèöèçìðàñïðîñòðàíåííà
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">áîëüøåéïëîùàäè, íî âìåíååíàñåëåííîé÷àñòèñòðàíû.Êàòîëè÷åñêèìèîñòàëèñü
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">êàíòîíûØâèö, Óðè,Óíòåðâàëüäåí,Òåññèí, Ôðèáóðã,Çîëîòóðí,Âàëå, Ëþöåðí, è
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">Öóã. íåêîòîðûõêàíòîíàõ (Àïïåíöåëëå,Àðãàó,Ãðàóáþíäíå)äîëÿïðîòåñòàíöåâè
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">êàòîëèêîâïî÷òèîäèíàêîâà.Çàïîñëåäíèå ãîäû÷èñëîêàòîëèêîâçàìåòíî
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">óâåëè÷èëîñü,÷òîîáúÿñíÿåòñÿáîëåå âûñîêîéðîæäàåìîñòüþâêàòîëè÷åñêèõñåìüÿõ,
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">àòàêæåáîëüøîé äîëåéèíîñòðàíöåâ,èñïîâåäóþùèõêàòîëèöèçì.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New""> Çàïîñëåäíèåäâàäåñÿòèëåòèÿðîæäàåìîñòüñíèæàëàñü,íîîäíîâðåìåííî
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">óìåíüøàëàñüèñìåðòíîñòü.Ïîýòîìó âñåòàêèïðîèñõîäèëåñòåñòâåííûéïðèðîñò
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<span Courier New"">íàñåëåíèÿ.
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New""> Íàðÿäóñîøâåéöàðöàìèâ ñòðàíåæèâåò áîëåå 1ìèëëèîíàèíîñòðàíöåâ,÷òî
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ñîñòàâëÿåò1/6 âñåãîíàñåëåíèÿ. Âîòäåëüíûõãîðîäàõ — Æåíåâå,Áàçåëå,Öþðèõå — äîëÿ
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">èíîñòðàíöåâñðåäèæèòåëåéïîâûøàåòñÿäî 1/5 — 1/3. Íè îäíàäðóãàÿåâðîïåéñêàÿ
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ñòðàíàíå èìååò âñîñòàâåñâîåãîíàñåëåíèÿòàêîé âûñîêîéäîëèèíîñòðàíöåâ.Ýòî
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ïðåæäåâñåãîðàáî÷èå,çàâåðáîâàííûåíà äëèòåëüíûéñðîê äëÿðàáîòû â
<span Courier New"">
<span Courier New"">ïðîìûøëåííîñòè,ñòðîè