Реферат: Метод Гаусса с выбором главной переменной

(практическая работа по компьютерной алгебре)

Текст программы.

#include <fstream.h>

#include <math.h>

#include <conio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

const num = 4;

int i,j,I,J;

int c[num+1];

long double x[num+1];

long double max;

long double A[num][num+1];

//-----------------------------------------------------------

void max_el(int sr, int st)

{ max = A[num+1-sr][num+2-st];

I = num+1-sr;

J = num+2-st;

for (i = num+1-sr; i<=num; i++)

{

for (j = num+2-st; j<=num; j++)

{

if (fabs(A[i][j]) > fabs(max))

{

max = A[i][j];

I = i;

J = j;

}

}

}

cout << "\n\n Max = "<< max << " I=" << I<< " J="<< J;

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------

void print(int sr,int st)

{

cout << "\n";

int i,j;

for (i = num+1-sr; i<=num; i++)

{

for (j = num+2-st; j<=num+1; j++)

{

if (A[i][j] < 0 ) gotoxy(12*j + j — 1,i+1);

else gotoxy(12*j + j,i+1);

cout << A[i][j];

}

}

}

//------------------------------------------------------------------

void preob(int S)

{

int i,j;

long double temp;

for (j = S; j<=num+1; j++) A[S][j] =A[S][j]/max;

for (i = S + 1; i <= num; i++)

{

temp = A[i][S];

for (j = S; j<= num+1; j++) A[i][j]= A[i][j] — A[S][j]*temp;

}

}

//------------------------------------------------------------------

void perestanovka(int sr,int st)

{

if (J != (num+1-sr))

{

for (i = 1; i<=num; i++) {

A[i][J] = A[i][J] + A[i][num+1-sr];

A[i][num+1-sr] = A[i][J] — A[i][num+1-sr];

A[i][J] = A[i][J] — A[i][num+1-sr];

}

c[J] = c[J] + c[num+1-sr];

c[num+1-sr] = c[J] — c[num+1-sr];

c[J] = c[J] — c[num+1-sr];

}

if (I != (num+2-st))

{

for (j = 1; j<=num+1; j++) {

A[I][j] = A[I][j] + A[num+2-st][j];

A[num+2-st][j] = A[I][j] — A[num+2-st][j];

A[I][j] = A[I][j] — A[num+2-st][j]; }

}

}

//------------------------------------------------------------------

void otvet()

{

float temp;

for (i=num; i>=1; i--)

{

temp = A[i][num+1];

for(j = num; j > i; j--) temp = temp- A[i][j]*x[j];

x[i] = temp/A[i][i];

}

}

//------------------------------------------------------------------

void interface()

{

clrscr();

print(num,num+1);

cout << "\n Массив перестановокстолбцов ";

for (i = 1; i <= num ;i++) cout<< " " << c[i];

}

//------------------------------------------------------------------

void load_file()

{

char ch;

ifstreamin(«c:\\gauss\\mat.dat»);

cout << "\n";

for (i = 1; i<=num; i++)

{

c[i] = i;

while (ch != '') in >> ch;

ch = 'q';

for (j = 1; j<=num+1; j++) in>> A[i][j];

}

}

//------------------------------------------------------------------

void main()

{

clrscr();

load_file();

int g;

for(g = num+1; g >= 3; g--)

{

interface(); max_el(g-1,g); getch();

perestanovka(g-1,g); interface();getch();

preob(num+2-g); interface(); getch();

}

clrscr();

print(num,num+1);

otvet();

print(num,num+1);

cout << "\n\n ";

long double X[num];

for (i=1; i<=num; i++) X[c[i]] =x[i];

for (i=1; i<=num; i++) cout <<" X" << i << " = " << X[i];

getch();

}

Тестовые задания.

Задание №1 (найти неизвестные):

4.24x1 + 2.73x2 — 1.55x3 = 1.87

2.34x1 + 1.27x2 + 3.15x3 = 2.16

3.05x1 — 1.05x2 — 0.63x3 = -1.25

1.1 Результат выполнения программы:

x1 = — 0.025461 x2 = 0.915112 x3 = 0.335678

1.2 Расчёт погрешности вычисления:

4.24*(- 0.025461) + 2.73*0.915112 — 1.55*0.335678 =1,87000022 погрешность:

2,2*10-7

2.34*(- 0.025461) + 1.27*0.915112 + 3.15*0.335678 =2,1599992 погрешность:

8,0*10-7

3.05*(- 0.025461) — 1.05*0.915112 — 0.63*0.335678 =-1,25000079 погрешность:

7,9*10-7

средняя погрешность вычисления: 6,0*10-7

Задание №2 (найти неизвестные):

3.81x1 + 0.25x2 + 1.28x3 + (0.75+a)x4 = 4.21

2.25x1 + 1.32x2 + (4.5+a)x3 + 0.49x4 =6.47+b

5.31x1 + (0.28+a) x2 + 0.98x3 + 1.04x4 =2.38

(9.39+a)x1 + 2.45x2 + 3.35x3 + 2.28x4 = 10.48+b

a = (0,1,2,3,4) b = (0,1,2,3,4,5)

2.1 Таблица значений.

      abОтветы:

    00X1 = -12.660899

        X2 = -16.107649

        X3 = 5.273899

        X4 = 66.299137

       1X1 = -12.132586

        X2 = -14.858407

        X3 = 5.186943

        X4 = 63.347289

       2X1 = -11.604272

        X2 = -13.609166

        X3 = 5.099988

        X4 = 60.39544

       3X1 = -11.075957

        X2 = -12.359925

        X3 = 5.013031

        X4 = 57.443595

       4X1 = -10.547642

        X2 = -11.110685

        X3 = 4.926076

        X4 = 54.491746

       5X1 = -10.019327

        X2 = -9.861445

        X3 = 4.839121

        X4 = 51.539901

      10X1 = 13.959632

        X2 = -39.106359

        X3 = 7.324007

        X4 = -27.756765

       1X1 = 16.668562

        X2 = -46.672114

        X3 = 8.73446

        X4 = -33.605312

       2X1 = 19.377489

        X2 = -54.237864

        X3 = 10.144913

        X4 = -39.453861

       3X1 = 22.086416

        X2 = -61.803618

        X3 = 11.555367

        X4 = -45.30241

       4X1 = 24.795347

        X2 = -69.369373

        X3 = 12.96582

        X4 = -51.150959

       5X1 = 27.504276

        X2 = -76.935127

        X3 = 14.376274

        X4 = -56.999508

      20X1 = 1.033843

        X2 = -1.696273

        X3 = 0.997951

        X4 = -0.211727

       1X1 = 1.191176

        X2 = -2.016845

        X3 = 1.183171

        X4 = -0.486773

       2X1 = 1.348508

        X2 = -2.337417

        X3 = 1.36839

        X4 = -0.761819

       3X1 = 1.505841

        X2 = -2.657989

        X3 = 1.55361

        X4 = -1.036865

       4X1 = 1.663174

        X2 = -2.978561

        X3 = 1.73883

        X4 = -1.311911

       5X1 = 1.820507

        X2 = -3.299134

        X3 = 1.92405

        X4 = -1.586957

      30X1 = 0.772977

        X2 = -0.794749

        X3 = 0.762146

        X4 = 0.13016

       1X1 = 0.872765

        X2 = -0.954303

        X3 = 0.902687

        X4 = -0.008559

       2X1 = 0.972553

        X2 = -1.113856

        X3 = 1.043229

      X4 = -0.147278

       3X1 = 1.072341

        X2 = -1.27341

        X3 = 1.18377

        X4 = -0.285998

       4X1 = 1.172129

        X2 = -1.432964

        X3 = 1.324311

        X4 = -0.424717

       5X1 = 1.271917

        X2 = -1.592518

        X3 = 1.464853

        X4 = -0.563436

      40X1 = 0.675128

        X2 = -0.476895

        X3 = 0.645225

        X4 = 0.196021

       1X1 = 0.754634

        X2 = -0.580642

        X3 = 0.763131

        X4 = 0.105936

       2X1 = 0.83414

        X2 = -0.68439

        X3 = 0.881037

        X4 = 0.015852

       3X1 = 0.913647

        X2 = -0.788137

        X3 = 0.998942

        X4 = -0.074233

       4X1 = 0.993153

        X2 = -0.891884

        X3 = 1.116848

        X4 = -0.164317

       5X1 = 1.072659

        X2 = -0.995631

        X3 = 1.234754

        X4 = -0.254402

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