Реферат: Курс политической экономии
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Îáàâòîðå
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">×óïðîâÀëåêñàíäðÈâàíîâè÷ — èçâåñòíûéîáùåñòâåííûéäåÿòåëü èýêîíîìèñò.Ðîäèëñÿ â 1842ãîäó âã.Ìàñàëüñêå,Êàëóæñêîéãóáåðíèè. Ïîîêîí÷àíèèêóðñà âñåìèíàðèèïîñòóïèë âäóõîâíóþàêàäåìèþ,îòêóäàïåðåøåë íà þðèäè÷åñêèéôàêóëüòåòìîñêîâñêîãîóíèâåðñèòåòà,ãäå èîêîí÷èëêóðñ â 1866 ãîäóè îñòàâëåíñòèïåíäèàíòîì êàôåäðûïîëèòýêîíîìèè. 1872 ãîäó áûëêîìàíäèðîâàíçà ãðàíèöó,ãäå ñëóøàëëåêöèèÐîìåðà âËåéïöèãå. Ïîâîçâðàùåíèèèç-çàãðàíèöû áûëïðèãëàøåí è÷èòàëëåêöèè âìîñêîâñêîìóíèâåðñèòåòåâ 1874 ãîäó ïîïîëèòýêîíîìèè,à â 1876 ãîäóîòêðûë÷òåíèÿ ïîñòàòèñòèêåè ïðîäîëæàëèõ äî âûõîäàèçóíèâåðñèòåòà.Âñòóïëåíèå×óïðîâà âñîñòàâóíèâåðñèòåòñêèõïðåäñòàâèòåëåéñîâïàë ñïîÿâëåíèåì âìîñêîâñêîìóíèâåðñèòåòåíîâûõ ñèë èðàñöâåòîìïðåïîäàâàíèÿïîëèòýêîíîìèèè íàóêè îôèíàíñàõ.  1875ãîäó ×óïðîâçàùèòèëìàãèñòåðñêóþäèññåðòàöèþ:“Æåëåçíîäîðîæíîåõîçÿéñòâî.Åãîýêîíîìè÷åñêèåîñîáåííîñòèè åãîîòíîøåíèå êèíòåðåñàìñòðàíû.”Âòîðîéêðóïíûé òðóä×óïðîâà,ïîñâÿùåííûéòàêæåæåëåçíîäîðîæíîìóõîçÿéñòâó,ïðåäñòàâëåíèì âêà÷åñòâåäîêòîðñêîéäèññåðòàöèè:“Óñëîâèÿ,îïðåäåëÿþùèåäâèæåíèå èñáîðû ïîæåëåçíûìäîðîãàì. Âàëîâûéäîõîä è åãîôàêòîðû.Êà÷åñòâîòîâàðíûõãðóçîâ.” Ýòèñî÷èíåíèÿïîÿâèëèñü âòîò ïåðèîäâðåìåíè,êîãäà âíàøåéýêîíîìè÷åñêîéëèòåðàòóðåïî æåëåçíîäîðîæíîìóõîçÿéñòâóíè÷åãîïî÷òè íå áûëî,ìåæäó òåì,áëàãîäàðÿïðàêòè÷åñêîéâàæíîñòèæåëåçíûõäîðîã èíåóïîðÿäî÷íîñòèæåëåçíîäîðîæíîãîõîçÿéñòâà èåãî îòíîøåíèåêãîñóäàðñòâó,æåëåçíîäîðîæíûåâîïðîñûïðèâëåêàëèâñåîáùååâíèìàíèå.ßñíîñòüèçëîæåíèÿ,èñêóñíûéàíàëèçñëîæíûõÿâëåíèéýêîíîìè÷åñêîéæèçíè,óìåíèå èëëþñòðèðîâàòüâûâåäåííûåïîëîæåíèÿðÿäîìöèôðîâûõäàííûõ, àòàêæåóêàçàíèåñïîñîáàóðåãóëèðîâàíèÿîòíîøåíèéïóòåì âûêóïàâ êàçíóæåëåçíîéäîðîãè ïîñòðîèòåëüíîéèõñòîèìîñòèñðàçóâûäâèíóëèàâòîðà ýòèõèññëåäîâàíèéè ñîçäàëèåìó â ðÿäóýêîíîìèñòîâïî÷åòíîåïîëîæåíèå. Âêà÷åñòâå ñïåöèàëèñòàïîæåëåçíîäîðîæíûìâîïðîñàì ×óïðîâáûëïðèãëàøåí êó÷àñòèþ âèçâåñòíóþêîìèññèþ ïîèññëåäîâàíèþæåëåçíîäîðîæíîãîõîçÿéñòâà âÐîññèè.  1888ãîäó îí áûë ïðèâëå÷åíê ó÷àñòèþ âêîìèññèèÏëåâå ïî èññëåäîâàíèþïðè÷èíïàäåíèÿ öåííà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûåïðîäóêòû èñîâìåñòíî ñ Ìóñíèöêèìèçäàëñî÷èíåíèå“Îá óïîðÿäî÷åíèèòàðèôîâ ïîïåðåâîçêåõëåáíûõãðóçîâ” (1889). Êàêëåêòîð,×óïðîâïðèâëåêàë âàóäèòîðèþ ìàññóñëóøàòåëåé.Êðóïíîé åãîçàñëóãîéÿâëÿåòñÿâîçáóæäåíèåèíòåðåñà êíàó÷íûìçàíÿòèÿìñðåäè ñîòðóäíèêîâ,ðàáîòàþùèõïîä åãîðóêîâîäñòâîì;èç íèõìíîãèåïîçæåçàíÿëèïî÷åòíûåìåñòà íàêàôåäðàõ âóíèâåðñèòåòàõ.Äîñòèãàëîñüýòî íåòîëüêîíàó÷íîñòüþè èçÿùåñòâîìèçëîæåíèÿ,íî èäîñòóïíîñòüþïðîôåññîðà èâíèìàíèååãî êñòóäåíòàì.Îí íå òîëüêîäàâàëîáðàùàâøèìñÿê íåìóñîâåòû è óêàçàíèÿ,íî èïðåäñòàâëÿëâïîëüçîâàíèåèì êíèãè èçñâîåéëè÷íîéáèáëèîòåêè.Óíèâåðñèòåòñêèå÷òåíèÿèçäàíû×óïðîâûì ïîäíàçâàíèåì“Ïîëèòè÷åñêàÿýêîíîìèÿ” è“Èñòîðèÿïîëèòè÷åñêîéýêîíîìèè”. Âÿñíîñòèèçëîæåíèÿ,ïî ïðèåìàìèññëåäîâàíèÿíàèáîëååñëîæíûõâîïðîñîâïîëèòè÷åñêîéýêîíîìèè îíçàíÿë áûïî÷åòíîåìåñòî â ëþáîéñòðàíå. Âîáëàñòèòåîðèè×óïðîâðàçäåëÿëâîççðåíèÿèñòîðè÷åñêîéè ýòè÷åñêîé øêîëïîëèòýêîíîìèè,à ÷àñòüþíàó÷íîãî ñîöèàëèçìà.Âìåñòå ñÏîñíèêîâûì×óïðîâ ðåäàêòèðîâàëèçâåñòíîåèçäàíèåìèíèñòåðñòâàôèíàíñîâ:“Âëèÿíèåóðîæàåâ èõëåáíûõ öåííàíåêîòîðûåñòîðîíûðóññêîãîíàðîäíîãîõîçÿéñòâà”, âêîòîðîì åìóïðåíàäëåæèòðàçäåë“Âëèÿíèåõëåáíûõ öåíè óðîæàåâ íàäâèæåíèåçåìåëüíîéñîáñòâåííîñòè”.×óïðîâ äîëãîïðèíèìàëáîëüøîåó÷àñòèå âãàçåòå“Ðóññêèåâåäîìîñòè”,ïîìåñòèâ â íåéíåìàëîñòàòåé ïîýêîíîìè÷åñêèìâîïðîñàì è âîñîáåííîñòèïîæåëåçíîäîðîæíîìóõîçÿéñòâó. Â1883 ãîäó áûëèçáðàíïðåäñåäàòåëåìñòàòèñòè÷åñêîãîîòäåëåíèÿìîñêîâñêîãîþðèäè÷åñêîãîîáùåñòâà, è,ñäåëàâ åãîöåíòðîìçåìñêèõñòàòèñòèêîâ,îêàçàëíåñîìíåííîåâëèÿíèå íàðàçâèòèåçåìñêèõñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõèññëåäîâàíèéâ Ðîññèè.Ïðèíèìàëäåÿòåëüíîåó÷àñòèå âðàçðàáîòêåïëàíàïåðåïèñèÌîñêâû â 1882ãîäó è â ååèñïîëüçîâàíèè.Âûéäÿ âîòñòàâêó, ×óïðîâïðîæèâàëãëàâíûìîáðàçîì çàãðàíèöåé.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic""><span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Íèæåèäåò êðàòêîåèçëîæåíèåêóðñà ïîëèòè÷åñêîéýêîíîìèèÀ.È. ×óïðîâà, âêîòîðîì ðàññêàçûâàåòñÿî âñåõýòàïàõðàçâèòèÿ ýòîãîðàçäåëàíàóê.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic""><span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"; mso-fareast-font-family:«Times New Roman»;mso-bidi-font-family:«Times New Roman»; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"><span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûåïîíÿòèÿ
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic""><span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Îñíîâíûåïðåäïîñûëêèâïîëèòè÷åñêîéýêîíîìèè
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿòåîðèÿ, êàê èâñåäåäóêòèâíûåíàóêè,îòòàëêèâàåòñÿîòèçâåñòíûõ ðàññóæäåíèé,îñíîâíûõïðåäïîëîæåíèé,àêñèîì.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Òàê,ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿòåîðèÿîòòàëêèâàåòñÿîòïðåäïîëîæåíèÿ,÷òî ÷åëîâåêêàê ñóùåñòâîðàçóìíîå, îáëàäàåòñïîñîáíîñòüþïðèñïîñàáëèâàòüñðåäñòâà êöåëÿì. Òîåñòü÷åëîâåê,åñëè åìóíàäî,íåïðåìåííîïðåäïî÷òåòáîëüøóþ âûãîäóìåíüøåé,ìåíüøóþæåðòâóáîëüøåé èëèáóäåòñòðåìèòüñÿêíàèáîëüøåéïîòðåáíîñòèñíàèìåíüøèìèïîæåðòâîâàíèÿìè,òàê êàê ýòîñëåäñòâèåîãðàíè÷åííîñòè÷åëîâå÷åñêèõñèë èíåîòëîæíîñòèåãî ïîòðåáíîñòåé.Ðåøåíèåâîïðîñîâ âîáëàñòèòåîðåòè÷åñêîéýêîíîìèèñâîäèòñÿ êèññëåäîâàíèþòîãî, ÷òî÷åëîâåêâñëåäñòâèåäàííîé ñîâîêóïíîñòèîáñòîÿòåëüñòâ,ñòðåìèòñÿ, îæèäàåòíàèáîëååâûãîäíûéáàëàíñìåæäó âûãîäàìèèïîæåðòâîâàíèÿìè.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Íîâ æèçíè÷àñòîâñòðå÷àþòñÿîòêëîíåíèÿîò äàííîéêîíöåïöèè(ïðåäëîæåíèÿ):èíîãäà ëþäèíå ïîíèìàþòñâîèõ âûãîä,íå îñîçíàþòñâîèõèíòåðåñîâ,íå çíàþòñðåäñòâ èõ äîñòèæåíèÿ.Íåðåäêî, çíàÿñâîèèíòåðåñû, íåæåëàþòñëåäîâàòüèì.Ñóùåñòâóåòìíîãî ðàçëè÷íûõïðåïÿòñòâèé,ìåøàþùèõäîñòèãíóòüöåëè. Íî äîòåõ ïîð, ïîêàîòèçëîæåííîãîïðåäñòàâëåíèÿî ÷åëîâåêåíå äîêàçàíû,ïîëèòýêîíîìèÿðàññóæäàåòâñîîòâåòñòâèèñ íèìè.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Ïîòðåáíîñòè
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic""><span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Äëÿêàæäîãî÷åëîâåêàíóæíî âòå÷åíèå ïåðèîäàâðåìåíè(ãîäà, ìåñÿöà,âåêà è ò.ä.)îïðåäåëåííàÿìàññà ìàòåðèàëüíûõïðåäìåòîâ,ñëóæàùèõäëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿåãî íóæä. Ýòàìàññàÿâëÿåòñÿâåëè÷èíîéäîâîëüíîóñòîé÷èâîéèèçìåíÿåòñÿïîñòåïåííî. Íàýòîéóñòîé÷èâîñòèîñíîâàíûâñå ðàñ÷åòûâ õîçÿéñòâå.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Äàâëåíèåïîòðåáíîñòåé
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic""><span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Ïîòðåáíîñòèáûâàþò:
·<span Times New Roman"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">íàñóùíûå<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">,íåóäîâëåòâîðåíèåêîòîðûõìîæåòïîäâåðãíóòüîïàñíîñòèñàìîåñóùåñòâîâàíèå÷åëîâåêà(ïîòðåáíîñòüïèùè, îäåæäû,æèëèùà), è êóëüòóðíûå,íåóäîâëåòâîðåíèåêîòîðûõïðè÷èíÿåòëèøü áîëüøååèëè ìåíüøååëèøåíèå,íåïðèÿòíîñòè,íî íå ãðîçèòæèçíè÷åëîâåêà;·<span Times New Roman"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">èíäèâèäóàëüíûåèêîëëåêòèâíûå<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">.<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Ïåðâàÿïîòðåáíîñòüâûòåêàåò èçôèçè÷åñêîéè äóõîâíîéïðèðîäûîòäåëüíîãîëèöà, ïîñëåäíèå- èçïðèíàäëåæíîñòè÷åëîâåêà êîáùåñòâóèëè ñîþçó.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Êàæäàÿïîòðåáíîñòüèìååò ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü:îíàèñ÷åçàåò èçàòåì ñíîâàâîçîáíîâëÿåòñÿ.Ñïîñîáâîçîáíîâëåíèÿïîòðåáíîñòåéäàåòîñíîâàíèåíîâîìó èõäàâëåíèþ.Åñòüïîòðåáíîñòè:
·<span Times New Roman"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">íåïðåðûâíàÿ;·<span Times New Roman"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">âîçîáíîâëÿþùàÿñÿïåðèîäè÷åñêè;·<span Times New Roman"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">âîçîáíîâëÿþùàÿñÿâíåïðàâèëüíûåñðîêè, íî òàê÷òî èõ ìîæíîðàñ÷èòàòü;·<span Times New Roman"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">âîçîáíîâëÿþùàÿñÿâíåîïðåäåëåííûåñðîêè, íåäîïóñêàþùèåïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãîâû÷èñëåíèÿ.<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Áëàãîóñòðîåííîåõîçÿéñòâîïðèíèìàåò â ðàñ÷åòâñå ýòèêàòåãîðèèïîòðåáíîñòåé.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Áëàãà
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">×òîáûïîêðûòüïîòðåáèòåëüñêèéáþäæåò, íåîáõîäèìàèçâåñòíàÿñîâîêóïíîñòüìàòåðèàëüíûõïðåäìåòîâ,ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõíóæäàì÷åëîâåêà.Ïðåäìåò,îáëàäàþùèéîáùåïðèçíàííîéñïîñîáíîñòüþóäîâëåòâîðÿòüêàêóþ-íèáóäüõîçÿéñòâåííóþïîòðåáíîñòü íàçûâåòñÿáëàãîì.Åãîñâîéñòâî-óäîâëåòâîðÿòü÷åëîâå÷åñêóþïîòðåáíîñòü.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Âèäûáëàã
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic""><span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Åñòüáëàãà,êîòîðûåìîãóòñëóæèòü÷åëîâåêóîäèí ðàç, èïîñëå ýòîãî òåðÿòüñâîèïîëåçíûåñâîéñòâà(äðîâà, ïèùà).Íî åñòüáëàãà,êîòðûåñëóæàò÷åëîâåêó ïåðèîäè÷åñêèè ëèøü ïîñëåìíîãèõïîòðåáèòåëüñêèõàêòîâ òåðÿþòñâîèïîòðåáèòåëüñêèåñâîéñòâà(ìàøèíû,äîìà, îäåæäà).Ïî îòíîøåíèþê ïåðâîìóâèäó áëàãáåðåòñÿ âîâíèìàíèåòîëüêîïîëüçà,äîñòàâëÿåìàÿýòèì áëàãîì÷åëîâåêó; ïîîòíîøåíèþ êäðóãîìó — ìíîãîðàçîâîãîïîëüçîâàíèÿ — áåðåòñÿ âîâíèìàíèå íåòîëüêîïîëüçà, íî èîöåíèâàåòñÿåùå äðóãîå — ñðîê ñëóæáû.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Óñëîâèÿïîëåçíîñòè
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic""><span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Íåâñå ïðåäìåòûîáëàäàþòýòèìñâîéñòâîì(ïîëåçíîñòüþ).Ñïîñîáíîñòüñëóæèòüíóæäàì÷åëîâåêàçàâèñèòïðåæäå âñåãîîòôèçè÷åñêèõñâîéñòâïðåäìåòà. Òîåñòü îäèíïðåäìåòìîæåò ñëóæèòü÷åëîâåêó,äðóãîé íåò;îäèí ïðåäìåòìîæåò áûòüïîëåçåí÷åëîâåêó âáîëüøåé ìåðå,äðóãîé âìåíüøåé.Ñòåïåíüïîëåçíîñòèîöåíèâàåòñÿåñòåñòâåííûìèèòåõíè÷åñêèìèíàóêàìè.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Õîçÿéñòâåííûåáëàãà
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic""><span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Èçñîâîêóïíîñòèáëàã,íåêîòîðûåäàþòñÿ ïðèðîäîéâ ãîòîâîìâèäå, áåçâñÿêîãîó÷àñòèÿ÷åëîâåêà, è âíåîãðàíè÷åííîìêîëè÷åñòâå(âîçäóõ, âîäà,ëåñ). Îíèäîëæíû áûòüïåðåðàáîòàíûòðóäîì÷åëîâåêà.Ïîýòîìó, áëàãà,ïðèñïîñîáëåíèåêîòîðûõ ê÷åëîâå÷åñêèìïîòðåáíîñòÿìñîïðÿæåíî ñçàòðàòîé òðóäà,íàçûâàþòñÿ õîçÿéñòâåííûìè.Ïîëèòýêîíîìèÿèìååò äåëîèñêëþ÷èòåëüíîñõîçÿéñòâåííûìèáëàãàìè.Çàäà÷à ïîëèòýêîíîìèèèññëåäîâàòüîòíîøåíèåòðóäà êïîòðåáíîñòÿì:âîò ïî÷åìóõîçÿéñòâåííîåáëàãîðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿëèøü â òåõñëó÷àÿõ,åñëè îíèñáåðåãàþòòðóä èëèóâåëè÷èâàþòåãî çàòðàòó.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Îöåíêàõîçÿéñòâåííûõáëàã
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Ïîëèòýêîíîìèÿóñâîèëà äëÿñåáÿ îöåíêóõîçÿéñòâåííûõáëàã ïî äâóìïðèçíàêàì:
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic";mso-fareast-font-family: «NTHelvetica/Cyrillic»;mso-bidi-font-family:«NTHelvetica/Cyrillic»">1)<span Times New Roman"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">ïîïîòðåáèòåëüñêîéñòîèìîñòè<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">,êîòîðîéõîçÿéñòâåííûåáëàãàîáëàäàþò;<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic";mso-fareast-font-family: «NTHelvetica/Cyrillic»;mso-bidi-font-family:«NTHelvetica/Cyrillic»">2)<span Times New Roman"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">ïîêîëè÷åñòâåííîìóòðóäó èëèêîëè÷åñòâóòðóäà<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">,çàòðà÷åííîãî÷åëîâåêîìäëÿ èõäîáûâàíèÿ.<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic";mso-fareast-font-family: «NTHelvetica/Cyrillic»;mso-bidi-font-family:«NTHelvetica/Cyrillic»">3)<span Times New Roman"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Ýòîâûòåêàåò èçíåîáõîäèìîñòèñîèçìåðÿòüçàòðàòûòðóäà ñïîòðåáíîñòÿìè,îáóñëàâëèåìûìèîãðàíè÷åííîñòüþôèçè÷åñêèõñèë÷åëîâåêà.<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Öåííîñòüòîâàðàîöåíèâàåòñÿ,îïðåäåëÿåòñÿíå òåìðàáî÷èìâðåìåíåì,êîòoðîãî îíôàêòè÷åñêèñòîèëïðîèçâîäèòåëþ,à òåì êîëè÷åñòâîìåãî, êîòîðîåâ äàííîìîáùåñòâå òðåáóåòñÿäëÿïðîèçâîäñòâàäàííîãîòîâàðà.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Ðàçëè÷èåâ êà÷åñòâàõòðóäà
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">,ïîòðåáíîãîäëÿïðîèçâîäñòâàòîâàðîâ, íå ñëóæèòïðåïÿòñòâèåìê ïðèçíàíèþòðóäà çà îñíîâóöåííîñòèâñåõòîâàðîâ.<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Öåííîñòü,âûðàæåííàÿ âîäíîìêàêîì-íèáóäüïðåäìåòå,íàçûâàåòñÿ öåíîéýòîãîïðåäìåòà.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Âæèçíèîöåíêàõîçÿéñòâåííûõáëàã ñîâåðøàåòñÿ÷åðåçâûðàæåíèÿöåííîñòè âîäíîìêàêîì-íèáóäüõîçÿéñòâåííîìáëàãå. Òîâàðû,ñëóæàùèå äëÿñîèçìåðåíèÿ,íàçûâàþòñÿ äåíüãàìè.Ñîâðåìåííîåìåíîâîåõîçÿéñòâîõàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿòåì, ÷òîîáìåíïðîèñõîäèòïðè ïîñðåäñòâåäåíåã, ôîðìåêóïëè-ïðîäàæè.
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Íàðîäíîåèìóùåñòâî
<span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic""><span NTHelvetica/Cyrillic"">Ñîâîêóïíîñòüõîçÿéñòâåííûõáëàã, íàõîäÿùèõñÿâ îáëàäàíèèîòäåëüíîãîëèöà, ãðóïïûëèö èëèöåëîãî íàðîäàíàçûâàåòñÿ èìóùåñòâîì÷àñòíûìèëèíàðîäíûì.Îáû÷íîóïîòðåáëÿþòñëîâî“áîãàòñòâî” âñìûñëåç&ia